Izolo, i-European Union imemezele ukuthi umbhalo we-Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM, carbon tariff) bill uzoshicilelwa ngokusemthethweni ku-EU Official Journal.I-CBAM izoqala ukusebenza ngosuku olulandela ukushicilelwa kwe-Official Journal of the European Union, okungukuthi, Meyi 17!Lokhu kusho ukuthi namuhla nje, intela yekhabhoni ye-EU isidlule kuzo zonke izinqubo futhi yaqala ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni!
Iyini intela yekhabhoni?Ake ngikunikeze isingeniso esifushane!
I-CBAM ingenye yezingxenye ezibalulekile zohlelo lokunciphisa ukungcola kwe-EU “Fit for 55″.Lolu hlelo luhlose ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kwamazwe angamalungu e-EU ngo-55% kusukela kumazinga ka-1990 ngo-2030. Ukuze ifinyelele le njongo, i-EU yamukele uchungechunge lwezinyathelo, okuhlanganisa nokwandisa ingxenye yamandla avuselelekayo, ukwandisa imakethe ye-carbon ye-EU, ukumisa ukudayiswa kwezimoto zikaphethiloli, kanye nokusungula indlela yokulamula emngceleni wekhabhoni, isamba sezikweletu eziyi-12 ezintsha.
Uma imane ifinyezwe ngolimi oludumile, kusho ukuthi i-EU ikhokhisa imikhiqizo enekhabhoni ephezulu ephuma emazweni esithathu ngokuya ngokukhishwa kwekhabhoni yemikhiqizo engenisiwe.
Inhloso eqondile ye-EU yokusetha amanani e-carbon ukuxazulula inkinga "yokuvuza kwe-carbon".Lena inkinga ebhekene nemizamo yenqubomgomo yesimo sezulu ye-EU.Kusho ukuthi ngenxa yemithetho eqinile yezemvelo, izinkampani ze-EU sezishintshele ezifundeni ezinezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza, okuholele ekuncishisweni kokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide emhlabeni wonke.Intela ye-carbon border ye-EU ihlose ukuvikela abakhiqizi ngaphakathi kwe-EU abangaphansi kolawulo oluqinile lokukhishwa kwekhabhoni, ukukhulisa izindleko zentela zabakhiqizi ababuthaka njengezinhloso zokunciphisa ukungcola kwangaphandle nezindlela zokulawula, futhi kuvimbele amabhizinisi angaphakathi kwe-EU ukuthi adlulele emazweni anawo. izindleko eziphansi zokukhishwa, ukugwema "ukuvuza kwekhabhoni".
Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukubambisana nohlelo lwe-CBAM, ukuguqulwa kohlelo lokuhweba ngekhabhoni lwe-European Union (EU-ETS) nakho kuzokwethulwa kanyekanye.Ngokohlelo lwezinguquko olusalungiswa, izibonelelo zekhabhoni zamahhala ze-EU zizohoxiswa ngokuphelele ngo-2032, futhi ukuhoxiswa kwezibonelelo zamahhala kuzonyusa izindleko zokukhishwa kwabakhiqizi.
Ngokolwazi olukhona, i-CBM izoqale ifake usimende, insimbi, i-aluminium, umanyolo, ugesi, ne-hydrogen.Inqubo yokukhiqiza le mikhiqizo idinga ikhabhoni kakhulu futhi ingozi yokuvuza kwekhabhoni iphezulu, futhi izokhula kancane kancane iye kwezinye izimboni esikhathini esizayo.I-CBAM izoqala ukusebenza kwesilingo ngo-Okthoba 1, 2023, ngesikhathi soshintsho kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-2025. Intela izokwethulwa ngokusemthethweni ngoJanuwari 1, 2026. Abangenisi kuzodingeka bamemezele inombolo yezimpahla ezingeniswe e-EU ngonyaka odlule. namagesi abo abamba ukushisa afihliwe minyaka yonke, bese bethenga inombolo ehambisanayo yezitifiketi ze-CBM.Intengo yezitifiketi izobalwa ngokusekelwe enanini lendali leviki ngalinye lezibonelelo ze-EU ETS, ezivezwe nge-EUR/t ekhishwa yi-CO2.Phakathi kuka-2026-2034, ukukhishwa kwesabelo samahhala ngaphansi kwe-EU ETS kuzokwenzeka ngokuhambisana ne-CBM.
Sekukonke, amanani entengo ekhabhoni anciphisa kakhulu ukuncintisana kwamabhizinisi angaphandle futhi awuhlobo olusha lwesithiyo sohwebo, esizoba nomthelela omningi ezweni lami.
Okokuqala nje, izwe lami liwuzakwethu omkhulu wezohwebo we-EU futhi liwumthombo omkhulu kakhulu wempahla ephuma kwamanye amazwe, kanye nomthombo omkhulu kakhulu wokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ehlanganisiwe evela kwamanye amazwe e-EU.Amaphesenti angama-80 okukhishwa kwekhabhoni emikhiqizweni emaphakathi yezwe lami ethunyelwa e-EU avela ezinsimbi, amakhemikhali, namaminerali angewona awensimbi, ayingxenye yemikhakha eyingozi evuza kakhulu yemakethe yekhabhoni ye-EU.Uma isifakiwe kumthethonqubo we-carbon border, izoba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe;Mningi umsebenzi wocwaningo owenziwe mayelana nomthelela walo.Esimeni sedatha ehlukene nokuqagela (okufana nobubanzi bokukhishwa kwemikhiqizo engenisiwe, amandla okukhishwa kwekhabhoni, kanye nenani lekhabhoni lemikhiqizo ehlobene), iziphetho zizohluka kakhulu.Ngokuvamile kukholakala ukuthi u-5-7% wengqikithi yokuthunyelwa kwe-China e-Europe izothinteka, futhi ukuthunyelwa komkhakha we-CBAM eYurophu kuzokwehla ngo-11-13%;izindleko zokuthunyelwa kwempahla e-Europe zizokwenyuka cishe ngezigidi eziyi-100-300 zamadola aseMelika ngonyaka, kubalwa ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo embozwe yi-CBM eYurophu ngo-1.6-4.8%.
Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, sidinga futhi ukubona umthelela omuhle wenqubomgomo ye-EU “yentela yekhabhoni” embonini yokuthekelisa yezwe lami kanye nokwakhiwa kwemakethe yekhabhoni.Uma sithatha imboni yensimbi nensimbi njengesibonelo, kunegebe eliyi-1 ton phakathi kwezinga lokuphuma kwekhabhoni yezwe lami ngethani lensimbi ne-EU.Ukuvala leli gebe lokukhipha umoya, amabhizinisi ezwe lami nensimbi adinga ukuthenga izitifiketi ze-CBM.Ngokwezilinganiso, indlela ye-CBAM izoba nomthelela ongaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-16 kumthamo wokuhweba ngensimbi wezwe lami, inyuse amanani entengo cishe ngama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.6, inyuse izindleko cishe ngamayuan angu-650 ngethani lensimbi, kanye nezinga lomthwalo wentela cishe ngo-11%. .Lokhu ngokungangabazeki kuzokwandisa ingcindezi yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ezinkampanini zezwe lami zensimbi nezensimbi futhi kukhuthaze uguquko lwazo ekuthuthukisweni kwekhabhoni ephansi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwakhiwa kwemakethe ye-carbon yezwe lami kusaqala, futhi sisabheka izindlela zokubonisa izindleko zokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngokusebenzisa imakethe ye-carbon.Izinga lamanje lentengo yekhabhoni alikwazi ukubonisa ngokugcwele izinga lentengo lezinkampani zasekhaya, futhi kusekhona ezinye izici ezingakhokhisi.Ngakho-ke, ohlelweni lokwakha inqubomgomo "ye-carbon tariff", izwe lami kufanele liqinise ukuxhumana ne-EU, futhi licabange ngokufanele ukubonakaliswa kwalezi zici zezindleko.Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi izimboni zezwe lami zingakwazi ukubhekana kangcono nezinselele lapho kubhekwana “nezindleko zekhabhoni”, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokwakhiwa kwemakethe yekhabhoni yezwe lami.
Ngakho-ke, ezweni lethu, lokhu kokubili kuyithuba kanye nenselelo.Amabhizinisi asekhaya adinga ukubhekana nezingozi, futhi izimboni zendabuko kufanele zithembele "ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi nokwehliswa kwekhabhoni" ukuze kuqedwe imithelela.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imboni yezobuchwepheshe ehlanzekile yezwe lami ingase ingenise “amathuba aluhlaza”.I-CBAM kulindeleke ukuthi Ikhuthaze ukuthunyelwa kwezimboni zamandla amasha njenge-photovoltaics e-China, ibheka izici ezifana nokukhuthazwa kweYurophu ukukhiqizwa kwendawo yezimboni ezintsha zamandla, okungase kuqhubekisele ukwanda kwesidingo sezinkampani zaseShayina ukuthi zitshale kubuchwepheshe bamandla ahlanzekile EYurophu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-19-2023