I-PV ehlanganiswe nesakhiwo ichazwe njengendawo lapho imikhiqizo ye-PV engenakuncintisana izama ukufinyelela emakethe.Kodwa lokho kungase kungabi ukulunga, kusho uBjörn Rau, imenenja yezobuchwepheshe kanye nesekela lomqondisi we-PVcomB
U-Helmholtz-Zentrum e-Berlin, okholelwa ukuthi isixhumanisi esilahlekile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-BIPV sisempambanweni yomphakathi wokwakha, imboni yezokwakha, nabakhiqizi be-PV.
Kusuka kumagazini we-PV
Ukukhula okusheshayo kwe-PV kule minyaka eyishumi edlule sekufinyelele emakethe yomhlaba wonke elinganiselwa ku-100 GWp efakwa ngonyaka, okusho ukuthi cishe izigidi ezingama-350 kuya ku-400 amamojula elanga akhiqizwa futhi adayiswa unyaka ngamunye.Kodwa-ke, ukuwahlanganisa ezakhiweni kuseyimakethe ye-niche.Ngokombiko wakamuva ovela kuphrojekthi yocwaningo lwe-EU Horizon 2020 PVSITES, cishe amaphesenti angu-2 kuphela omthamo we-PV ofakiwe ahlanganiswe nezikhumba zokwakha ngo-2016. Lesi sibalo esincane simangalisa ikakhulukazi uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-70 wamandla asetshenzisiwe.Yonke i-CO2 ekhiqizwa emhlabeni wonke isetshenziswa emadolobheni, futhi cishe amaphesenti angama-40 kuya kwangama-50 ayo yonke igesi engcolisa umoya iphuma ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
Ukuze kubhekwane nale nselelo yegesi ebamba ukushisa kanye nokukhuthaza ukuphehlwa kukagesi esizeni, iPhalamende LaseYurophu kanye NoMkhandlu wethule i-2010 Directive 2010/31 / EU mayelana nokusebenza kwamandla ezakhiweni, eziqanjwe ngokuthi ”Near Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB)”.Lo myalelo usebenza kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezintsha ezizokwakhiwa ngemva kuka-2021. Emabhilidini amasha azohlalisa izikhungo zikahulumeni, lo myalelo waqala ukusebenza ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka.
Azikho izinyathelo ezithile ezishiwo ukuze kuzuzwe isimo se-NZEB.Abanikazi bezakhiwo bangacabangela izici zokusebenza kahle kwamandla njengokuvala ukushisa, ukubuyiswa kokushisa, nemiqondo yokonga amandla.Kodwa-ke, njengoba ibhalansi yonke yamandla esakhiwo kuwumgomo wokulawula, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi asebenzayo ngaphakathi noma eduze kwesakhiwo kubalulekile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane namazinga e-NZEB.
Okungenzeka nezinselele
Akungabazeki ukuthi ukuqaliswa kwe-PV kuzodlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zesikhathi esizayo noma ukulungiswa kabusha kwengqalasizinda yezakhiwo ezikhona.izinga le-NZEB liyoba amandla okushayela ekufinyeleleni lo mgomo, kodwa hhayi yedwa.I-Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) ingasetshenziswa ukwenza izindawo ezikhona noma izindawo ezikhona zisebenze ukukhiqiza ugesi.Ngakho-ke, asikho isikhala esengeziwe esidingekayo ukuletha i-PV eyengeziwe ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.Amandla kagesi ohlanzekile okhiqizwe yi-PV edidiyelwe makhulu kakhulu.Njengoba i-Becquerel Institute yathola ngo-2016, isabelo esingaba khona sokukhiqizwa kwe-BIPV esiphelele sesidingo sikagesi singaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-30 eJalimane kanye nasemazweni amaningi aseningizimu (isb. i-Italy) ngisho cishe namaphesenti angama-40.
Kodwa kungani izixazululo ze-BIPV zisadlala indima encane kuphela ebhizinisini lelanga?Kungani bengakaze bacatshangelwe ezinhlelweni zokwakha kuze kube manje?
Ukuze siphendule le mibuzo, i-German Helmholtz-Zentrum Research Centre Berlin (HZB) yenza ukuhlaziya kwesidingo ngonyaka odlule ngokuhlela umhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi kanye nokuxhumana nababambe iqhaza kuzo zonke izindawo ze-BIPV.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi akukho ukushoda kobuchwepheshe ngeseshini ngayinye.
Emhlanganweni wokucobelelana ngolwazi we-HZB, abantu abaningi abavela embonini yezokwakha, abenza imisebenzi emisha yokwakha noma yokuvuselela, bavumile ukuthi kunezikhala zolwazi mayelana namandla e-BIPV kanye nobuchwepheshe obusekelayo.Abadwebi abaningi bezakhiwo, abahleli, nabanikazi bezakhiwo bamane nje abanalo ulwazi olwanele lokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-PV kumaphrojekthi abo.Ngenxa yalokho, kunokubhukha okuningi mayelana ne-BIPV, njengedizayini ekhangayo, izindleko eziphezulu, nobunkimbinkimbi obunzima.Ukuze kunqotshwe le mibono eyiphutha esobala, izidingo zabadwebi bezakhiwo nabanikazi bezakhiwo kufanele zibe seqhulwini, futhi ukuqonda ukuthi laba ababambiqhaza bayibheka kanjani i-BIPV kufanele kube yinto eza kuqala.
Ukushintsha Kwengqondo
I-BIPV ihluka ngezindlela eziningi kumasistimu elanga asophahleni oluvamile, angadingi ukuguquguquka nokucatshangelwa kwezici zobuhle.Uma imikhiqizo ithuthukiswa ukuze ihlanganiswe zibe izakhi zokwakha, abakhiqizi kudingeka bacabange kabusha.Abadwebi bezakhiwo, abakhi, kanye nabahlali bezakhiwo ekuqaleni balindele ukusebenza okuvamile esikhumbeni sokwakha.Ngokombono wabo, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi kuyimpahla eyengeziwe.Ngaphezu kwalokhu, abathuthukisi bezinto ze-BIPV ezisebenza ngezindlela eziningi bekumele bacabangele lezi zici ezilandelayo.
- Ukuthuthukisa izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezingabizi kakhulu zezinto zokwakha ezisebenza ngelanga ezinosayizi oguquguqukayo, umumo, umbala, nokungafihli lutho.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwamazinga nezintengo ezikhangayo (okufanelekile kumathuluzi okuhlela amisiwe, njenge-Building Information Modeling (BIM).
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhi ze-photovoltaic zibe izici ze-façade zenoveli ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinto zokwakha kanye nezakhi ezikhiqiza amandla.
- Ukuqina okuphezulu ngokumelene nezithunzi zesikhashana (zasendaweni).
- Ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside kanye nokuwohloka kokuzinza kwesikhathi eside namandla aphumayo, kanye nokuzinza kwesikhathi eside kanye nokuwohloka kokubukeka (isb ukuqina kombala).
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwemiqondo yokuqapha nokugcinwa ukuze ivumelane nezimo eziqondene nesayithi (kucatshangelwa ubude bokufakwa, ukufakwa esikhundleni kwamamojula angalungile noma izakhi ze-facade).
- kanye nokuhambisana nezidingo zomthetho ezinjengokuphepha (okubandakanya ukuvikela umlilo), amakhodi wokwakha, amakhodi amandla, njll.,
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-09-2022